Definition
JIA refers to a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that affect children under the age of 16. It causes inflammation of the joints and may cause pain, swelling and limited movement.
Symptoms
How does the disease manifest?
Main symptoms:
- Joint pain
- Morning stiffness
- Swollen joints
- High temperature
- Fatigue
Other possible symptoms:
- Skin problems
- Uveitis (eye inflammation)
- Swollen lymph nodes
Factors
Risk factors
The exact cause of JIA is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role.
Disease mechanisms:
The child’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joint tissues, causing chronic inflammation.
Treatments
What treatments for the disease?
Treatment objectives:
Reduce inflammation, relieve pain, preserve joint mobility and prevent complications.
Medication treatments:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDS) - Corticosteroids
- Antirheumatic drugs
(disease-modifying DMARDs) - Biotherapies
Non-medication treatments:
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational therapy
- Therapeutic education
of the patient and their family