Definition
Dermato-polymyositis is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the muscles (myositis) and of the skin (dermatitis). It belongs to a group of autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.
Symptoms
How does the disease manifest?
Main symptoms:
- Progressive muscular weakness
(especially in the upper and lower limbs) - Muscle pain
- Skin problems (erythema, oedema, calcifications)
- Chronic fatigue
Other possible symptoms:
- High temperature
- Weight loss
- Attack on other organs (lungs, heart, oesophagus)
Factors
Risk factors
The exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role. Associations with certain cancers have been reported.
Disease mechanisms:
The immune system produces antibodies that attack muscle fibres and blood vessels in the skin, causing inflammation.
Treatments
What treatments for the disease?
Treatment objectives:
Reduce inflammation, improve muscle strength, control skin problems and treat complications.
Medication treatments:
- Corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
- Intravenous immunoglobulins
- Biotherapies
Non-medication treatments:
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy