Definition
Gougerot-Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly characterised by dryness of the mucous membranes, especially of the eyes (xerophthalmia) and of the mouth (xerostomia). However, it can also affect other organs.
Symptoms
How does the disease manifest?
Main symptoms:
- Dry eyes
(redness, grain of sand sensation) - Dry mouth
(difficulty swallowing, frequent tooth cavities) - Chronic fatigue
Other possible symptoms:
- Joint problems (pain and stiffness)
- Problems with the salivary glands (swelling)
- Lung problems
- Kidney problems
- Neurological problems
Factors
Risk factors
- Genetic factors
- Hormonal factors (more frequent in women)
- Environmental factors
Disease mechanisms:
The immune system mistakenly attacks the exocrine glands (tear ducts and salivary glands), reducing their secretions.
Treatments
What treatments for the disease?
Treatment objectives:
Relieve symptoms, preserve the function of the affected organs, improve quality of life.
Medication treatments:
- Artificial tears and saliva
- Medications
to stimulate gland secretions - Immunosuppressants
(for the most severe cases)
Non-medication treatments:
- Rigorous oral hygiene
- Humidification of indoor air
- Physiotherapy